0OOHOOHOHOOHOOBACDBCATissue culture experiments are necessary for understanding at molecular basis. Right picture indicates myotube formation after myogenic stimuli. in1 gram soil（in most soils（HOOHto107CFU 104ofactinomycetes31Day 0Currentresearchinourlabfocusesonunderstandinggrowthanddevelopmentatthecellularleveltoidentifymethodstoimproveefficiencyofanimalproduction.Regardingtheanimalproduction,currentlytherearetwomajorfocusesinthelaboratory.Thefirstistounderstandthemolecularmechanismofskeletalmuscledevelopment.Thesecondfocusinthelaboratoryistodeterminethemolecularmechanismofmammaryglanddevelopment.Inaddition,weareinvestigatingthemolecularmechanismofneurodegenerativediseaseandtryingtofindoutthepreventionfactorsforthesediseases.ShinichiYONEKURAProfessor,Ph.D.Originally,anantibioticisdefinedasachemicalcompoundthatisproducedbyamicroorganism,suppressesthegrowthofothermicroorganisms,andhaslittletoxicitytoanimals.Speakingofantibiotics,almosteveryonecanimaginethiseffect.Meanwhile,itremainsaprofoundmysterywhatrolesantibioticsplayinthenaturalworld.Withmulti-drugresistantbacteriaemergingoneafteranother,thediscoveryofnovelantibioticsandthedevelopmentofalternativestoantibioticsarebecomingincreasinglycrucial.Thenumberofnewlydiscoveredantibiotics,usuallyisolatedfromsecondarymetabolitesofmicroorganismsincludingactinomycetes,havebeendeclining.Tosolvethispredicament,inadditiontocontinuingthedevelopmentofnovelantibioticsandalternativestoantibiotics,itwouldbeofutmostimportanttounderstandthefundamentalworkingsofantibioticsthemselves,antibiotic-producingmicroorganism,andantibioticresistance.Actinomycetes, Antibiotic, Secondary metabolism, Ribosome engineering, Antibiotic hormesis/Skeletalmuscle/Mammarygland/Neurodegenerativedisease/Cellbiology/MolecularBiologyActinomycetesproduceabundantamountsofnumerousincludingantibiotics,immunosuppressants,andantitumoragents.Whole-genomesequencingstudiesofactinomyceteshaveshownthateachspeciescouldproducemanymoresecondarymetabolitesthanwereexpected.Thisindicatesthatthevastmajorityofremainunexpressedorbarelyexpressedunderstandardlaboratoryconditions.Thus,thereisconsiderableinterestinexploringpracticalmeanstoinducethisgeneticpotentialinactinomycetes,whichcouldresultinisolationofnovelbioactivemetabolites.Ourlaboratoryaimstounderstandthemolecularmechanismsactivatingsecondarymetabolismandtoestablisheffectivemethodsfordevelopingcrypticgeneclustersforsecondarymetabolicpathwaysinmicroorganisms.Molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle developmentMolecular mechanisms of mammary gland developmentMolecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease and explore the prevention factorsbioactivemetabolites,secondarymetabolitesConcentration-dependent effects of lincomycin on secondary metabolism in S. coelciolor A3(2)Ourlatestfindingsdemonstratethatribosome-targetingantibioticsnotonlyfunctionsasanantimicrobialbutalsocanactsecondarymetabolismofactinomycetes.Giventhisphysiologicalfact,ourlaboratoryhasbeenanalyzingtheconcentration-dependentactivitiesofantibioticsatlevelwiththehopeofuncoveringmysteriessuchasmechanismsforsecondarymetabolisminactinomycetesandtherolesofantibioticsinthenaturalworld.asanactivatorforthemolecularMice and Drosophilaas a model for studying about the molecular mechanism of mammary gland development and neurodegeneration.Tissue culture experimentTakeshiHOSAKAAssociateProfessor,Ph.D.Secondary metabolite productionSpore maturationSporulationAerial mycelium formationSporesLife cycle of actinomycetesNeuron（写真一枚or複数枚組み合わせ）Day 4Mammarygland1050Spore germinationSubstrate mycelium formation活性ありLaboratory of Applied and Molecular MicrobiologyBiotechnology Division Biotechnology DivisionLaboratory of Animal PhysiologyLincomycin(?g/mL)in vivo experiment (Mice, Drosophila)
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